Product Description
Truck Drive Gear Replace Kit K2808 CZPT Replacement For Eaton
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Description |
Drive Gear | |||
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OEM Number |
K2808 | |||
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Packaging Details |
Nertural Packing/Customized packing |
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Shipping ways |
DHL/FedEX/Chinese Express/UPS/And So On(Airline,Sealine,ect.) |
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FAQ
Q1. What is your terms of packing?
A: Generally, we pack our goods in neutral white boxes and brown cartons. If you have legally registered patent,
we can pack the goods in your branded boxes after getting your authorization letters.
Q2. What is your terms of payment?
A: T/T 30% as deposit, and 70% before delivery. We’ll show you the photos of the products and packages
before you pay the balance.
Q3. What is your terms of delivery?
A: EXW, FOB, CFR, CIF.
Q4. How about your delivery time? A: Generally, it will take 7 to 60 days after receiving your advance payment. The specific delivery time depends on the items and the quantity of your order.
Q5. Can you produce according to the samples?
A: Yes, we can produce by your samples or technical drawings. We can build the molds and fixtures.
Q6. What is your sample policy?
A: We can supply the sample if we have ready parts in stock, but the customers have to pay the sample cost and
the courier cost.
| After-sales Service: | 6 Months |
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| Warranty: | 6 Months |
| Type: | Drive Gear |
| Model Number: | K2808 |
| Transport Package: | Neutral |
| Specification: | 3kg |
| Samples: |
US$ 50/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) | |
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| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
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Spiral Gears for Right-Angle Right-Hand Drives
Spiral gears are used in mechanical systems to transmit torque. The bevel gear is a particular type of spiral gear. It is made up of two gears that mesh with one another. Both gears are connected by a bearing. The two gears must be in mesh alignment so that the negative thrust will push them together. If axial play occurs in the bearing, the mesh will have no backlash. Moreover, the design of the spiral gear is based on geometrical tooth forms.
Equations for spiral gear
The theory of divergence requires that the pitch cone radii of the pinion and gear be skewed in different directions. This is done by increasing the slope of the convex surface of the gear’s tooth and decreasing the slope of the concave surface of the pinion’s tooth. The pinion is a ring-shaped wheel with a central bore and a plurality of transverse axes that are offset from the axis of the spiral teeth.
Spiral bevel gears have a helical tooth flank. The spiral is consistent with the cutter curve. The spiral angle b is equal to the pitch cone’s genatrix element. The mean spiral angle bm is the angle between the genatrix element and the tooth flank. The equations in Table 2 are specific for the Spread Blade and Single Side gears from Gleason.
The tooth flank equation of a logarithmic spiral bevel gear is derived using the formation mechanism of the tooth flanks. The tangential contact force and the normal pressure angle of the logarithmic spiral bevel gear were found to be about twenty degrees and 35 degrees respectively. These two types of motion equations were used to solve the problems that arise in determining the transmission stationary. While the theory of logarithmic spiral bevel gear meshing is still in its infancy, it does provide a good starting point for understanding how it works.
This geometry has many different solutions. However, the main two are defined by the root angle of the gear and pinion and the diameter of the spiral gear. The latter is a difficult one to constrain. A 3D sketch of a bevel gear tooth is used as a reference. The radii of the tooth space profile are defined by end point constraints placed on the bottom corners of the tooth space. Then, the radii of the gear tooth are determined by the angle.
The cone distance Am of a spiral gear is also known as the tooth geometry. The cone distance should correlate with the various sections of the cutter path. The cone distance range Am must be able to correlate with the pressure angle of the flanks. The base radii of a bevel gear need not be defined, but this geometry should be considered if the bevel gear does not have a hypoid offset. When developing the tooth geometry of a spiral bevel gear, the first step is to convert the terminology to pinion instead of gear.
The normal system is more convenient for manufacturing helical gears. In addition, the helical gears must be the same helix angle. The opposite hand helical gears must mesh with each other. Likewise, the profile-shifted screw gears need more complex meshing. This gear pair can be manufactured in a similar way to a spur gear. Further, the calculations for the meshing of helical gears are presented in Table 7-1.
Design of spiral bevel gears
A proposed design of spiral bevel gears utilizes a function-to-form mapping method to determine the tooth surface geometry. This solid model is then tested with a surface deviation method to determine whether it is accurate. Compared to other right-angle gear types, spiral bevel gears are more efficient and compact. CZPT Gear Company gears comply with AGMA standards. A higher quality spiral bevel gear set achieves 99% efficiency.
A geometric meshing pair based on geometric elements is proposed and analyzed for spiral bevel gears. This approach can provide high contact strength and is insensitive to shaft angle misalignment. Geometric elements of spiral bevel gears are modeled and discussed. Contact patterns are investigated, as well as the effect of misalignment on the load capacity. In addition, a prototype of the design is fabricated and rolling tests are conducted to verify its accuracy.
The three basic elements of a spiral bevel gear are the pinion-gear pair, the input and output shafts, and the auxiliary flank. The input and output shafts are in torsion, the pinion-gear pair is in torsional rigidity, and the system elasticity is small. These factors make spiral bevel gears ideal for meshing impact. To improve meshing impact, a mathematical model is developed using the tool parameters and initial machine settings.
In recent years, several advances in manufacturing technology have been made to produce high-performance spiral bevel gears. Researchers such as Ding et al. optimized the machine settings and cutter blade profiles to eliminate tooth edge contact, and the result was an accurate and large spiral bevel gear. In fact, this process is still used today for the manufacturing of spiral bevel gears. If you are interested in this technology, you should read on!
The design of spiral bevel gears is complex and intricate, requiring the skills of expert machinists. Spiral bevel gears are the state of the art for transferring power from one system to another. Although spiral bevel gears were once difficult to manufacture, they are now common and widely used in many applications. In fact, spiral bevel gears are the gold standard for right-angle power transfer.While conventional bevel gear machinery can be used to manufacture spiral bevel gears, it is very complex to produce double bevel gears. The double spiral bevel gearset is not machinable with traditional bevel gear machinery. Consequently, novel manufacturing methods have been developed. An additive manufacturing method was used to create a prototype for a double spiral bevel gearset, and the manufacture of a multi-axis CNC machine center will follow.
Spiral bevel gears are critical components of helicopters and aerospace power plants. Their durability, endurance, and meshing performance are crucial for safety. Many researchers have turned to spiral bevel gears to address these issues. One challenge is to reduce noise, improve the transmission efficiency, and increase their endurance. For this reason, spiral bevel gears can be smaller in diameter than straight bevel gears. If you are interested in spiral bevel gears, check out this article.
Limitations to geometrically obtained tooth forms
The geometrically obtained tooth forms of a spiral gear can be calculated from a nonlinear programming problem. The tooth approach Z is the linear displacement error along the contact normal. It can be calculated using the formula given in Eq. (23) with a few additional parameters. However, the result is not accurate for small loads because the signal-to-noise ratio of the strain signal is small.
Geometrically obtained tooth forms can lead to line and point contact tooth forms. However, they have their limits when the tooth bodies invade the geometrically obtained tooth form. This is called interference of tooth profiles. While this limit can be overcome by several other methods, the geometrically obtained tooth forms are limited by the mesh and strength of the teeth. They can only be used when the meshing of the gear is adequate and the relative motion is sufficient.
During the tooth profile measurement, the relative position between the gear and the LTS will constantly change. The sensor mounting surface should be parallel to the rotational axis. The actual orientation of the sensor may differ from this ideal. This may be due to geometrical tolerances of the gear shaft support and the platform. However, this effect is minimal and is not a serious problem. So, it is possible to obtain the geometrically obtained tooth forms of spiral gear without undergoing expensive experimental procedures.
The measurement process of geometrically obtained tooth forms of a spiral gear is based on an ideal involute profile generated from the optical measurements of one end of the gear. This profile is assumed to be almost perfect based on the general orientation of the LTS and the rotation axis. There are small deviations in the pitch and yaw angles. Lower and upper bounds are determined as – 10 and -10 degrees respectively.
The tooth forms of a spiral gear are derived from replacement spur toothing. However, the tooth shape of a spiral gear is still subject to various limitations. In addition to the tooth shape, the pitch diameter also affects the angular backlash. The values of these two parameters vary for each gear in a mesh. They are related by the transmission ratio. Once this is understood, it is possible to create a gear with a corresponding tooth shape.
As the length and transverse base pitch of a spiral gear are the same, the helix angle of each profile is equal. This is crucial for engagement. An imperfect base pitch results in an uneven load sharing between the gear teeth, which leads to higher than nominal loads in some teeth. This leads to amplitude modulated vibrations and noise. In addition, the boundary point of the root fillet and involute could be reduced or eliminate contact before the tip diameter.
editor by CX 2023-04-18
China Manufacturer Wholesale Worm Reduction Box End Drive Large Gear For Motorcycle Transmission supplier
Form: Other
Relevant Industries: Manufacturing Plant
Fat (KG): 12.five
Showroom Spot: None
Video clip outgoing-inspection: Presented
Machinery Check Report: Provided
Marketing Variety: Regular Item
Warranty of main factors: /
Main Components: /
Content: 20CrMnTi, 20CrMnTi
Merchandise Title: End push large equipment
Solution product: GL5717120015
Gross fat: 12.5kg
Dimension: 305*305*40cm
MOQ: 100pcs
Sample: accessible
Characteristic: hard
Cost: 30 dollars
Application: Industry Machinery
Products Description
| Model | GL5717120015 |
| Product identify | End travel big gear |
| Material | 20CrMnTi |
| Feature | hard |
| MOQ | 100 |
Types of Miter Gears
The different types of miter gears include Hypoid, Crown, and Spiral. To learn more, read on. In addition, you’ll learn about their differences and similarities. This article will provide an overview of the different types of miter gears. You can also choose the type that fits your needs by using the guide below. After you’ve read it, you’ll know how to use them in your project. You’ll also learn how to pair them up by hand, which is particularly useful if you’re working on a mechanical component.
Bevel gears
Bevel and miter gears are both used to connect two shafts that have different axes. In most cases, these gears are used at right angles. The pitch cone of a bevel gear has the same shape as that of a spur gear, except the tooth profile is slightly tapered and has variable depth. The pinions of a bevel gear are normally straight, but can be curved or skew-shaped. They can also have an offset crown wheel with straight teeth relative to the axis.
In addition to their industrial applications, miter gears are found in agriculture, bottling, printing, and various industrial sectors. They are used in coal mining, oil exploration, and chemical processes. They are an important part of conveyors, elevators, kilns, and more. In fact, miter gears are often used in machine tools, like forklifts and jigsaws.
When considering which gear is right for a certain application, you’ll need to think about the application and the design goals. For example, you’ll want to know the maximum load that the gear can carry. You can use computer simulation programs to determine the exact torque required for a specific application. Miter gears are bevel gears that are geared on a single axis, not two.
To calculate the torque required for a particular application, you’ll need to know the MA of each bevel gear. Fortunately, you can now do so with CZPT. With the help of this software, you can generate 3D models of spiral bevel gears. Once you’ve created your model, you can then machine it. This can make your job much easier! And it’s fun!
In terms of manufacturing, straight bevel gears are the easiest to produce. The earliest method for this type of gear is a planer with an indexing head. Since the development of CNC machining, however, more effective manufacturing methods have been developed. These include CZPT, Revacycle, and Coniflex systems. The CZPT uses the Revacycle system. You can also use a CNC mill to manufacture spiral bevel gears.
Hypoid bevel gears
When it comes to designing hypoid bevel gears for miter and other kinds of gears, there are several important parameters to consider. In order to produce high-quality gearings, the mounting distance between the gear teeth and the pinion must be within a predefined tolerance range. In other words, the mounting distance between the gear teeth and pinion must be 0.05 mm or less.
To make this possible, the hypoid bevel gearset mesh is designed to involve sliding action. The result is a quiet transmission. It also means that higher speeds are possible without increasing noise levels. In comparison, bevel gears tend to be noisy at high speeds. For these reasons, the hypoid gearset is the most efficient way to build miter gears. However, it’s important to keep in mind that hypoid gears are not for every application.
Hypoid bevel gears are analogous to spiral bevels, but they don’t have intersecting axes. Because of this, they can produce larger pinions with smooth engagement. Crown bevel gears, on the other hand, have a 90-degree pitch and parallel teeth. Their geometry and pitch is unique, and they have particular geometrical properties. There are different ways to express pitch. The diametral pitch is the number of teeth, while circumferential measurement is called the circumference.
The face-milling method is another technique used for the manufacture of hypoid and spiral bevel gears. Face-milling allows gears to be ground for high accuracy and surface finish. It also allows for the elimination of heat treatment and facilitates the creation of predesigned ease-off topographies. Face-milling increases mechanical resistance by as much as 20%. It also reduces noise levels.
The ANSI/AGMA/ISO standards for geometric dimensioning differ from the best practices for manufacturing hypoid and bevel gears. The violation of common datum surfaces leads to a number of geometrical dimensioning issues. Moreover, hypoid gears need to be designed to incorporate the base pitches of the mating pinion and the hypoid bevel gear. This is not possible without knowing the base pitch of the gear and the mating pinion.
Crown bevel gears
When choosing crown bevels for a miter gear, you will need to consider a number of factors. Specifically, you will need to know the ratio of the tooth load to the bevel gear pitch radius. This will help you choose a bevel gear that possesses the right amount of excitation and load capacity. Crown bevels are also known as helical gears, which are a combination of two bevel gear types.
These bevel gears differ from spiral bevels because the bevels are not intersected. This gives you the flexibility of using a larger pinion and smoother engagement. Crown bevel gears are also named for their different tooth portions: the toe, or the part of the gear closest to the bore, and the heel, or the outermost diameter. The tooth height is smaller at the toe than it is at the heel, but the height of the gear is the same at both places.
Crown bevel gears are cylindrical, with teeth that are angled at an angle. They have a 1:1 gear ratio and are used for miter gears and spur gears. Crown bevel gears have a tooth profile that is the same as spur gears but is slightly narrower at the tip, giving them superior quietness. Crown bevel gears for miter gears can be made with an offset pinion.
There are many other options available when choosing a Crown bevel gear for miter gears. The material used for the gears can vary from plastics to pre-hardened alloys. If you are concerned with the material’s strength, you can choose a pre-hardened alloy with a 32-35 Rc hardness. This alloy also has the advantage of being more durable than plastic. In addition to being stronger, crown bevel gears are also easier to lubricate.
Crown bevel gears for miter gears are similar to spiral bevels. However, they have a hyperbolic, not conical, pitch surface. The pinion is often offset above or below the center of the gear, which allows for a larger diameter. Crown bevel gears for miter gears are typically larger than hypoid gears. The hypoid gear is commonly used in automobile rear axles. They are useful when the angle of rotation is 90 degrees. And they can be used for 1:1 ratios.
Spiral miter gears
Spiral bevel gears are produced by machining the face surface of the teeth. The process follows the Hertz theory of elastic contact, where the dislocations are equivalent to small significant dimensions of the contact area and the relative radii of curvature. This method assumes that the surfaces are parallel and that the strains are small. Moreover, it can reduce noise. This makes spiral bevel gears an ideal choice for high-speed applications.
The precision machining of CZPT spiral miter gears reduces backlash. They feature adjustable locking nuts that can precisely adjust the spacing between the gear teeth. The result is reduced backlash and maximum drive life. In addition, these gears are flexible enough to accommodate design changes late in the production process, reducing risk for OEMs and increasing efficiency and productivity. The advantages of spiral miter gears are outlined below.
Spiral bevel gears also have many advantages. The most obvious of these advantages is that they have large-diameter shafts. The larger shaft size allows for a larger diameter gear, but this means a larger gear housing. In turn, this reduces ground clearance, interior space, and weight. It also makes the drive axle gear larger, which reduces ground clearance and interior space. Spiral bevel gears are more efficient than spiral bevel gears, but it may be harder to find the right size for your application.
Another benefit of spiral miter gears is their small size. For the same amount of power, a spiral miter gear is smaller than a straight cut miter gear. Moreover, spiral bevel gears are less likely to bend or pit. They also have higher precision properties. They are suitable for secondary operations. Spiral miter gears are more durable than straight cut ones and can operate at higher speeds.
A key feature of spiral miter gears is their ability to resist wear and tear. Because they are constantly being deformed, they tend to crack in a way that increases their wear and tear. The result is a harder gear with a more contoured grain flow. But it is possible to restore the quality of your gear through proper maintenance. If you have a machine, it would be in your best interest to replace worn parts if they aren’t functioning as they should.
editor by czh 2023-02-26
China Shantui SG21-3 grader parts main drive gear 224-18-01300 with Best Sales
Situation: New, 168197710
How to Design a Forging Spur Gear
Before you start designing your own spur gear, you need to understand its main components. Among them are Forging, Keyway, Spline, Set screw and other types. Understanding the differences between these types of spur gears is essential for making an informed decision. To learn more, keep reading. Also, don’t hesitate to contact me for assistance! Listed below are some helpful tips and tricks to design a spur gear. Hopefully, they will help you design the spur gear of your dreams.
Forging spur gears
Forging spur gears is one of the most important processes of automotive transmission components. The manufacturing process is complex and involves several steps, such as blank spheroidizing, hot forging, annealing, phosphating, and saponification. The material used for spur gears is typically 20CrMnTi. The process is completed by applying a continuous through extrusion forming method with dies designed for the sizing band length L and Splitting angle thickness T.
The process of forging spur gears can also use polyacetal (POM), a strong plastic commonly used for the manufacture of gears. This material is easy to mold and shape, and after hardening, it is extremely stiff and abrasion resistant. A number of metals and alloys are used for spur gears, including forged steel, stainless steel, and aluminum. Listed below are the different types of materials used in gear manufacturing and their advantages and disadvantages.
A spur gear’s tooth size is measured in modules, or m. Each number represents the number of teeth in the gear. As the number of teeth increases, so does its size. In general, the higher the number of teeth, the larger the module is. A high module gear has a large pressure angle. It’s also important to remember that spur gears must have the same module as the gears they are used to drive.
Set screw spur gears
A modern industry cannot function without set screw spur gears. These gears are highly efficient and are widely used in a variety of applications. Their design involves the calculation of speed and torque, which are both critical factors. The MEP model, for instance, considers the changing rigidity of a tooth pair along its path. The results are used to determine the type of spur gear required. Listed below are some tips for choosing a spur gear:
Type A. This type of gear does not have a hub. The gear itself is flat with a small hole in the middle. Set screw gears are most commonly used for lightweight applications without loads. The metal thickness can range from 0.25 mm to 3 mm. Set screw gears are also used for large machines that need to be strong and durable. This article provides an introduction to the different types of spur gears and how they differ from one another.
Pin Hub. Pin hub spur gears use a set screw to secure the pin. These gears are often connected to a shaft by dowel, spring, or roll pins. The pin is drilled to the precise diameter to fit inside the gear, so that it does not come loose. Pin hub spur gears have high tolerances, as the hole is not large enough to completely grip the shaft. This type of gear is generally the most expensive of the three.
Keyway spur gears
In today’s modern industry, spur gear transmissions are widely used to transfer power. These types of transmissions provide excellent efficiency but can be susceptible to power losses. These losses must be estimated during the design process. A key component of this analysis is the calculation of the contact area (2b) of the gear pair. However, this value is not necessarily applicable to every spur gear. Here are some examples of how to calculate this area. (See Figure 2)
Spur gears are characterized by having teeth parallel to the shafts and axis, and a pitch line velocity of up to 25 m/s is considered high. In addition, they are more efficient than helical gears of the same size. Unlike helical gears, spur gears are generally considered positive gears. They are often used for applications in which noise control is not an issue. The symmetry of the spur gear makes them especially suitable for applications where a constant speed is required.
Besides using a helical spur gear for the transmission, the gear can also have a standard tooth shape. Unlike helical gears, spur gears with an involute tooth form have thick roots, which prevents wear from the teeth. These gears are easily made with conventional production tools. The involute shape is an ideal choice for small-scale production and is one of the most popular types of spur gears.
Spline spur gears
When considering the types of spur gears that are used, it’s important to note the differences between the two. A spur gear, also called an involute gear, generates torque and regulates speed. It’s most common in car engines, but is also used in everyday appliances. However, one of the most significant drawbacks of spur gears is their noise. Because spur gears mesh only one tooth at a time, they create a high amount of stress and noise, making them unsuitable for everyday use.
The contact stress distribution chart represents the flank area of each gear tooth and the distance in both the axial and profile direction. A high contact area is located toward the center of the gear, which is caused by the micro-geometry of the gear. A positive l value indicates that there is no misalignment of the spline teeth on the interface with the helix hand. The opposite is true for negative l values.
Using an upper bound technique, Abdul and Dean studied the forging of spur gear forms. They assumed that the tooth profile would be a straight line. They also examined the non-dimensional forging pressure of a spline. Spline spur gears are commonly used in motors, gearboxes, and drills. The strength of spur gears and splines is primarily dependent on their radii and tooth diameter.
SUS303 and SUS304 stainless steel spur gears
Stainless steel spur gears are manufactured using different techniques, which depend on the material and the application. The most common process used in manufacturing them is cutting. Other processes involve rolling, casting, and forging. In addition, plastic spur gears are produced by injection molding, depending on the quantity of production required. SUS303 and SUS304 stainless steel spur gears can be made using a variety of materials, including structural carbon steel S45C, gray cast iron FC200, nonferrous metal C3604, engineering plastic MC901, and stainless steel.
The differences between 304 and 303 stainless steel spur gears lie in their composition. The two types of stainless steel share a common design, but have varying chemical compositions. China and Japan use the letters SUS304 and SUS303, which refer to their varying degrees of composition. As with most types of stainless steel, the two different grades are made to be used in industrial applications, such as planetary gears and spur gears.
Stainless steel spur gears
There are several things to look for in a stainless steel spur gear, including the diametral pitch, the number of teeth per unit diameter, and the angular velocity of the teeth. All of these aspects are critical to the performance of a spur gear, and the proper dimensional measurements are essential to the design and functionality of a spur gear. Those in the industry should be familiar with the terms used to describe spur gear parts, both to ensure clarity in production and in purchase orders.
A spur gear is a type of precision cylindrical gear with parallel teeth arranged in a rim. It is used in various applications, such as outboard motors, winches, construction equipment, lawn and garden equipment, turbine drives, pumps, centrifuges, and a variety of other machines. A spur gear is typically made from stainless steel and has a high level of durability. It is the most commonly used type of gear.
Stainless steel spur gears can come in many different shapes and sizes. Stainless steel spur gears are generally made of SUS304 or SUS303 stainless steel, which are used for their higher machinability. These gears are then heat-treated with nitriding or tooth surface induction. Unlike conventional gears, which need tooth grinding after heat-treating, stainless steel spur gears have a low wear rate and high machinability.
editor by czh 2023-02-24
China Gear Hobbing Worm Drive Set Worm Gear Transmission with Shaft Gearbox for Sugar Industry gear box
Merchandise Description
Item Description
Our Abilities of Manufacturing Gears & Splines.
| Hobbing | Milling | Tooth Grinding | |
| Max O.D. | 1250mm | 2000mm | 2000mm |
| Min I.D. | 20mm | 50mm | 20mm |
| Max Face Width | 500mm | 500mm | 1480mm |
| Max DP | DP 1 | DP one | DP .5 |
| Max Module | 26mm | 26mm | 45mm |
| DIN Level | DIN Course six | DIN Course 6 | DIN Course four |
| Tooth Complete | Ra 3.two | Ra 3.two | Ra .six |
| Max Helix Angle | ±45° | ±45° | ±45° |
Precision Transmission Areas
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Customized CNC Machining Components Services |
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Quotation |
According to your drawing(dimension, materials,and necessary technology, and so forth) |
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Resources |
Aluminum, Copper, Brass, Stainless Steel, Metal, Iron, Alloy, Titanium and so on. |
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Area Therapy |
Anodizing, Brushing, Galvanized, laser engraving, Silk printing, sharpening, Powder coating, and many others. |
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Tolerance |
+/- .005mm-.01mm, 100% QC top quality inspection prior to delivery, can offer good quality inspection type |
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Processing |
CNC Turning, Milling, Drilling, Hobbing, Sharpening, Bushing, Area Remedy etc. |
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Drawing Formats |
Solid Performs, Professional/Engineer, UG, AutoCAD(DXF, DWG), PDF, TIF and so forth. |
5-axis CNC Milling Areas
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Substance Offered |
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Aluminum |
Stainless Steel |
Brass |
Copper |
Iron |
Plastic |
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AL6061 |
SS201 |
C35600 |
C11000 |
twenty# |
POM |
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AL6063 |
SS301 |
C36000 |
C12000 |
45# |
Peek |
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AL6082 |
SS303 |
C37700 |
C12200 |
Q235 |
PMMA |
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AL7075 |
SS304 |
C37000 |
C15710 |
Q345B |
Ab muscles |
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AL2571 |
SS316 |
C37100 |
etc… |
Q345B |
Delrin |
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AL5052 |
SS416 |
C28000 |
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1214/1215 |
Nylon |
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ALA380 |
and many others… |
C26000 |
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12L14 |
PVC |
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etc… |
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C24000 |
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Carbon metal |
PP |
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C22000 |
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4140 / 4130 |
Personal computer |
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and so forth… |
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and many others… |
and many others… |
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Surface Treatment method |
Materials Accessible |
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As machined |
All metals |
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Smoothed |
All metals and Plastic (e.g aluminum, metal,nylon, Stomach muscles) |
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Powder Coated |
All metals ( e.g aluminum, steel) |
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Brushing |
All metals (e.g aluminum, steel) |
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Anodized Hardcoat |
Aluminum and Titanium alloys |
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Electropolished |
Steel and plastic (e.g aluminum, Abdominal muscles) |
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Bead Blasted |
Aluminum and Titanium alloys |
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Anodized Very clear or Colour |
Aluminum and Titanium alloys |
Application Discipline
Business Profile
HangZhou Benoy Smart Technological innovation Co. Ltd was established in 2003. Since recognized, we usually emphasis on precision transmission and mechanical areas producing & processing. We have a expert R&D staff and superior gear hobbing equipment, equipment grinding device, gear shaping machine, CNC Lathe devices and milling machines, which can give comprehensive solutions according to user’s specifications, from the design.
we bulid us through aid other people succes. Benoy always focuses on the development capability, and now, it owns a lot more than 30 patents. Our company has several innovative engineering layout softwares and used far more than twenty new systems and new processes. And also, it is qualified by ISO 9001: 2015 and ISO 14001: 2015.
For a lot more than 10 several years, our firm has been fully commited to the generation and processing of precision components and non-normal automation design and style. With a very experienced workforce, relying on rich expertise in precision processing and intercontinental leading equipment, the business has proven strategic partnerships with entire world-renowned enterprises in the fields of aviation, healthcare and industrial precision test and measurement tools.
FAQ
Q1: How to get a quotation?
A1: Remember to deliver us drawings in igs, dwg, phase and so on. collectively with detailed PDF.If you have any requirements, please note,
and we could supply expert tips for your reference.
Q2: How prolonged can i get the sample?
A2: Is dependent on your distinct items,inside of 7-ten days is necessary usually.
Q3: How to appreciate the OEM services?
A3: Typically, base on your design drawings or first samples, we give some complex proposals and a quotation to you, following your arrangement, we create for you.
This fall: Will my drawings be safe after sending to you?
A4: Yes, we will preserve them effectively and not release to 3rd get together without your authorization. Of training course, we would make certain the safety of the drawing.
Q5: What shall we do if we do not have drawings?
A5: Make sure you deliver your sample to our factory,then we can duplicate or supply you much better answers. You should send out us pictures or drafts with dimensions(Length,Hight,Width), CAD or 3D file will be produced for you if put buy.
| Application: | Motor, Electric Cars, Motorcycle, Machinery, Marine, Agricultural Machinery, Car, Industrial Machine |
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| Hardness: | Hardened Tooth Surface |
| Gear Position: | External Gear |
| Manufacturing Method: | Rolling Gear |
| Toothed Portion Shape: | Spur Gear |
| Material: | Stainless Steel |
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| Samples: |
US$ 500/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) |
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| Customization: |
Available
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| Hobbing | Milling | Tooth Grinding | |
| Max O.D. | 1250mm | 2000mm | 2000mm |
| Min I.D. | 20mm | 50mm | 20mm |
| Max Face Width | 500mm | 500mm | 1480mm |
| Max DP | DP 1 | DP 1 | DP 0.5 |
| Max Module | 26mm | 26mm | 45mm |
| DIN Level | DIN Class 6 | DIN Class 6 | DIN Class 4 |
| Tooth Finish | Ra 3.2 | Ra 3.2 | Ra 0.6 |
| Max Helix Angle | ±45° | ±45° | ±45° |
###
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Custom CNC Machining Parts Service
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|
|
Quotation
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According to your drawing(size, material,and required technology, etc)
|
|
Materials
|
Aluminum, Copper, Brass, Stainless Steel, Steel, Iron, Alloy, Titanium etc.
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Surface Treatment
|
Anodizing, Brushing, Galvanized, laser engraving, Silk printing, polishing, Powder coating, etc.
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|
Tolerance
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+/- 0.005mm-0.01mm, 100% QC quality inspection before delivery, can provide quality inspection form
|
|
Processing
|
CNC Turning, Milling, Drilling, Hobbing, Polishing, Bushing, Surface Treatment etc.
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|
Drawing Formats
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Solid Works, Pro/Engineer, UG, AutoCAD(DXF, DWG), PDF, TIF etc.
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###
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Material Available
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|||||
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Aluminum
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Stainless Steel
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Brass
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Copper
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Iron
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Plastic
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AL6061
|
SS201
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C35600
|
C11000
|
20#
|
POM
|
|
AL6063
|
SS301
|
C36000
|
C12000
|
45#
|
Peek
|
|
AL6082
|
SS303
|
C37700
|
C12200
|
Q235
|
PMMA
|
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AL7075
|
SS304
|
C37000
|
C10100
|
Q345B
|
ABS
|
|
AL2024
|
SS316
|
C37100
|
etc…
|
Q345B
|
Delrin
|
|
AL5052
|
SS416
|
C28000
|
|
1214/1215
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Nylon
|
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ALA380
|
etc…
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C26000
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12L14
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PVC
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|
etc…
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C24000
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Carbon steel
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PP
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C22000
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4140 / 4130
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PC
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|
|
|
etc…
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|
etc…
|
etc…
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###
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Surface Treatment
|
Material Available
|
|
As machined
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All metals
|
|
Smoothed
|
All metals and Plastic (e.g aluminum, steel,nylon, ABS)
|
|
Powder Coated
|
All metals ( e.g aluminum, steel)
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Brushing
|
All metals (e.g aluminum, steel)
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Anodized Hardcoat
|
Aluminum and Titanium alloys
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Electropolished
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Metal and plastic (e.g aluminum, ABS)
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Bead Blasted
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Aluminum and Titanium alloys
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Anodized Clear or Color
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Aluminum and Titanium alloys
|
| Application: | Motor, Electric Cars, Motorcycle, Machinery, Marine, Agricultural Machinery, Car, Industrial Machine |
|---|---|
| Hardness: | Hardened Tooth Surface |
| Gear Position: | External Gear |
| Manufacturing Method: | Rolling Gear |
| Toothed Portion Shape: | Spur Gear |
| Material: | Stainless Steel |
###
| Samples: |
US$ 500/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) |
|---|
###
| Customization: |
Available
|
|---|
###
| Hobbing | Milling | Tooth Grinding | |
| Max O.D. | 1250mm | 2000mm | 2000mm |
| Min I.D. | 20mm | 50mm | 20mm |
| Max Face Width | 500mm | 500mm | 1480mm |
| Max DP | DP 1 | DP 1 | DP 0.5 |
| Max Module | 26mm | 26mm | 45mm |
| DIN Level | DIN Class 6 | DIN Class 6 | DIN Class 4 |
| Tooth Finish | Ra 3.2 | Ra 3.2 | Ra 0.6 |
| Max Helix Angle | ±45° | ±45° | ±45° |
###
|
Custom CNC Machining Parts Service
|
|
|
Quotation
|
According to your drawing(size, material,and required technology, etc)
|
|
Materials
|
Aluminum, Copper, Brass, Stainless Steel, Steel, Iron, Alloy, Titanium etc.
|
|
Surface Treatment
|
Anodizing, Brushing, Galvanized, laser engraving, Silk printing, polishing, Powder coating, etc.
|
|
Tolerance
|
+/- 0.005mm-0.01mm, 100% QC quality inspection before delivery, can provide quality inspection form
|
|
Processing
|
CNC Turning, Milling, Drilling, Hobbing, Polishing, Bushing, Surface Treatment etc.
|
|
Drawing Formats
|
Solid Works, Pro/Engineer, UG, AutoCAD(DXF, DWG), PDF, TIF etc.
|
###
|
Material Available
|
|||||
|
Aluminum
|
Stainless Steel
|
Brass
|
Copper
|
Iron
|
Plastic
|
|
AL6061
|
SS201
|
C35600
|
C11000
|
20#
|
POM
|
|
AL6063
|
SS301
|
C36000
|
C12000
|
45#
|
Peek
|
|
AL6082
|
SS303
|
C37700
|
C12200
|
Q235
|
PMMA
|
|
AL7075
|
SS304
|
C37000
|
C10100
|
Q345B
|
ABS
|
|
AL2024
|
SS316
|
C37100
|
etc…
|
Q345B
|
Delrin
|
|
AL5052
|
SS416
|
C28000
|
|
1214/1215
|
Nylon
|
|
ALA380
|
etc…
|
C26000
|
|
12L14
|
PVC
|
|
etc…
|
|
C24000
|
|
Carbon steel
|
PP
|
|
|
|
C22000
|
|
4140 / 4130
|
PC
|
|
|
|
etc…
|
|
etc…
|
etc…
|
###
|
Surface Treatment
|
Material Available
|
|
As machined
|
All metals
|
|
Smoothed
|
All metals and Plastic (e.g aluminum, steel,nylon, ABS)
|
|
Powder Coated
|
All metals ( e.g aluminum, steel)
|
|
Brushing
|
All metals (e.g aluminum, steel)
|
|
Anodized Hardcoat
|
Aluminum and Titanium alloys
|
|
Electropolished
|
Metal and plastic (e.g aluminum, ABS)
|
|
Bead Blasted
|
Aluminum and Titanium alloys
|
|
Anodized Clear or Color
|
Aluminum and Titanium alloys
|
Helical, Straight-Cut, and Spiral-Bevel Gears
If you are planning to use bevel gears in your machine, you need to understand the differences between Helical, Straight-cut, and Spiral bevel gears. This article will introduce you to these gears, as well as their applications. The article will also discuss the benefits and disadvantages of each type of bevel gear. Once you know the differences, you can choose the right gear for your machine. It is easy to learn about spiral bevel gears.
Spiral bevel gear
Spiral bevel gears play a critical role in the aeronautical transmission system. Their failure can cause devastating accidents. Therefore, accurate detection and fault analysis are necessary for maximizing gear system efficiency. This article will discuss the role of computer aided tooth contact analysis in fault detection and meshing pinion position errors. You can use this method to detect problems in spiral bevel gears. Further, you will learn about its application in other transmission systems.
Spiral bevel gears are designed to mesh the gear teeth more slowly and appropriately. Compared to straight bevel gears, spiral bevel gears are less expensive to manufacture with CNC machining. Spiral bevel gears have a wide range of applications and can even be used to reduce the size of drive shafts and bearings. There are many advantages to spiral bevel gears, but most of them are low-cost.
This type of bevel gear has three basic elements: the pinion-gear pair, the load machine, and the output shaft. Each of these is in torsion. Torsional stiffness accounts for the elasticity of the system. Spiral bevel gears are ideal for applications requiring tight backlash monitoring and high-speed operations. CZPT precision machining and adjustable locknuts reduce backlash and allow for precise adjustments. This reduces maintenance and maximizes drive lifespan.
Spiral bevel gears are useful for both high-speed and low-speed applications. High-speed applications require spiral bevel gears for maximum efficiency and speed. They are also ideal for high-speed and high torque, as they can reduce rpm without affecting the vehicle’s speed. They are also great for transferring power between two shafts. Spiral bevel gears are widely used in automotive gears, construction equipment, and a variety of industrial applications.
Hypoid bevel gear
The Hypoid bevel gear is similar to the spiral bevel gear but differs in the shape of the teeth and pinion. The smallest ratio would result in the lowest gear reduction. A Hypoid bevel gear is very durable and efficient. It can be used in confined spaces and weighs less than an equivalent cylindrical gear. It is also a popular choice for high-torque applications. The Hypoid bevel gear is a good choice for applications requiring a high level of speed and torque.
The Hypoid bevel gear has multiple teeth that mesh with each other at the same time. Because of this, the gear transmits torque with very little noise. This allows it to transfer a higher torque with less noise. However, it must be noted that a Hypoid bevel gear is usually more expensive than a spiral bevel gear. The cost of a Hypoid bevel gear is higher, but its benefits make it a popular choice for some applications.
A Hypoid bevel gear can be made of several types. They may differ in the number of teeth and their spiral angles. In general, the smaller hypoid gear has a larger pinion than its counterpart. This means that the hypoid gear is more efficient and stronger than its bevel cousin. It can even be nearly silent if it is well lubricated. Once you’ve made the decision to get a Hypoid bevel gear, be sure to read up on its benefits.
Another common application for a Hypoid bevel gear is in automobiles. These gears are commonly used in the differential in automobiles and trucks. The torque transfer characteristics of the Hypoid gear system make it an excellent choice for many applications. In addition to maximizing efficiency, Hypoid gears also provide smoothness and efficiency. While some people may argue that a spiral bevel gear set is better, this is not an ideal solution for most automobile assemblies.
Helical bevel gear
Compared to helical worm gears, helical bevel gears have a small, compact housing and are structurally optimized. They can be mounted in various ways and feature double chamber shaft seals. In addition, the diameter of the shaft and flange of a helical bevel gear is comparable to that of a worm gear. The gear box of a helical bevel gear unit can be as small as 1.6 inches, or as large as eight cubic feet.
The main characteristic of helical bevel gears is that the teeth on the driver gear are twisted to the left and the helical arc gears have a similar design. In addition to the backlash, the teeth of bevel gears are twisted in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction, depending on the number of helical bevels in the bevel. It is important to note that the tooth contact of a helical bevel gear will be reduced by about ten to twenty percent if there is no offset between the two gears.
In order to create a helical bevel gear, you need to first define the gear and shaft geometry. Once the geometry has been defined, you can proceed to add bosses and perforations. Then, specify the X-Y plane for both the gear and the shaft. Then, the cross section of the gear will be the basis for the solid created after revolution around the X-axis. This way, you can make sure that your gear will be compatible with the pinion.
The development of CNC machines and additive manufacturing processes has greatly simplified the manufacturing process for helical bevel gears. Today, it is possible to design an unlimited number of bevel gear geometry using high-tech machinery. By utilizing the kinematics of a CNC machine center, you can create an unlimited number of gears with the perfect geometry. In the process, you can make both helical bevel gears and spiral bevel gears.
Straight-cut bevel gear
A straight-cut bevel gear is the easiest to manufacture. The first method of manufacturing a straight bevel gear was to use a planer with an indexing head. Later, more efficient methods of manufacturing straight bevel gears were introduced, such as the Revacycle system and the Coniflex system. The latter method is used by CZPT. Here are some of the main benefits of using a straight-cut bevel gear.
A straight-cut bevel gear is defined by its teeth that intersect at the axis of the gear when extended. Straight-cut bevel gears are usually tapered in thickness, with the outer part being larger than the inner portion. Straight-cut bevel gears exhibit instantaneous lines of contact, and are best suited for low-speed, static-load applications. A common application for straight-cut bevel gears is in the differential systems of automobiles.
After being machined, straight-cut bevel gears undergo heat treatment. Case carburizing produces gears with surfaces of 60-63 Rc. Using this method, the pinion is 3 Rc harder than the gear to equalize wear. Flare hardening, flame hardening, and induction hardening methods are rarely used. Finish machining includes turning the outer and inner diameters and special machining processes.
The teeth of a straight-cut bevel gear experience impact and shock loading. Because the teeth of both gears come into contact abruptly, this leads to excessive noise and vibration. The latter limits the speed and power transmission capacity of the gear. On the other hand, a spiral-cut bevel gear experiences gradual but less-destructive loading. It can be used for high-speed applications, but it should be noted that a spiral-cut bevel gear is more complicated to manufacture.
Spur-cut bevel gear
CZPT stocks bevel gears in spiral and straight tooth configurations, in a range of ratios from 1.5 to five. They are also highly remachinable except for the teeth. Spiral bevel gears have a low helix angle and excellent precision properties. CZPT stock bevel gears are manufactured using state-of-the-art technologies and know-how. Compared with spur-cut gears, these have a longer life span.
To determine the strength and durability of a spur-cut bevel gear, you can calculate its MA (mechanical advantage), surface durability (SD), and tooth number (Nb). These values will vary depending on the design and application environment. You can consult the corresponding guides, white papers, and technical specifications to find the best gear for your needs. In addition, CZPT offers a Supplier Discovery Platform that allows you to discover more than 500,000 suppliers.
Another type of spur gear is the double helical gear. It has both left-hand and right-hand helical teeth. This design balances thrust forces and provides extra gear shear area. Helical gears, on the other hand, feature spiral-cut teeth. While both types of gears may generate significant noise and vibration, helical gears are more efficient for high-speed applications. Spur-cut bevel gears may also cause similar effects.
In addition to diametral pitch, the addendum and dedendum have other important properties. The dedendum is the depth of the teeth below the pitch circle. This diameter is the key to determining the center distance between two spur gears. The radius of each pitch circle is equal to the entire depth of the spur gear. Spur gears often use the addendum and dedendum angles to describe the teeth.
editor by czh 2023-01-20
China Excavator Final Drive Sun Gear supplier
Merchandise Description
| Excavator Elements Travel Last Push Solar Gear | |
| Solution Description | |
| Area of Origin | ZheJiang , China |
| Condition | New, a hundred% new |
| Sort | 11211390 7117-30330 |
| Associated Areas | Excavator Spare Components |
| Packing | Common Export Packing |
| MOQ | 1 Piece |
| Relevant Industries | Machinery Repair Outlets, Retail, Development performs |
| Offer Potential | ten thousand Piece/Parts per Day |
| Good quality | Authentic |
| Component quantity | 11211390 7117-30330 |
| Element identify | sun gear |
Detailed Pictures
Other items
WHY Choose US
one.Far more than 10 several years experience in excavator spare components discipline
2.We are specialists in CZPT excavator areas and have in this market given that 2571
three.Original areas from suppliers with ensured and substantial top quality
four.Big assortment of spare parts scope for excavators
5.Have components in inventory and give you limited direct time
6.Reasonable and competitive price
Company Profile
HangZhou Junchi building machinery Co., Ltd. is situated in HangZhou logistics cash of China. We are a dealer specialised in excavator equipment, excavator elements authentic components one-cease shopping center. We offer all kinds of Volvo/LG/Pc excavator spare components for all types of excavator models.
It is practical for you to acquire all elements for Volvo/LG/Computer excavators together.
JUNCHI is our own brand name, which integrates our business expertise more than the a long time to provide you with items with greater charges and increased top quality. We are dedicated to meeting all your wants for excavator parts and delivering you with the most best excavator components remedy. Use the greatest good quality and the most competitive value to acquire prolonged-expression cooperation with clients.
We sincerely hope to cooperate with all people all around the planet and welcome your visit to our firm, In the meanwhile, we imagine that via our continuous perfecting service method and strategy, you can have the world’s ideal merchandise with the world’s 1st – course service!
About Us
Factory
Staff
Our Warehouse
Packing and cargo
Our Gain
one We have many highly certified engineers and sale managers, with vast and particular understanding in the sale, and mend of construction machines, the sales team prides alone on its information of large machinery coupled with exemplary right after income support .
2 We have our transfer warehouse for all the spare elements, the warehouse is about 2000 sq. meter, hold about USD5,000,000.00 spare parts anytime.
3 we have higher-successful logistics operation system,which make sure cargo is on time and right.
4 our product is all over the entire world.
5 we hope create the long term together with every Volvo/LG/Personal computer machine clients.
FAQ
one.If I only know the excavator model, but can not offer parts No., what should I do ?
If possible, you can provide pictures of previous items, nameplate or size of the components.
two.How can I pay the order?
We can receive payment through T/T, L/C, Western Union.
three.When will get the items after I place order?
Once we acquire your payment, we will deliver the goods within 24 hours if not in stock , we will communicate with you before placing orders.
four.How can I do if there is something wrong with the items?
First of all ,we can assure the quality of our products ,if you really found something wrong ,pls provide pictures for us and we will check. After it is confirmed, pls return to us , we will offer the correct item.
5.What is your main products ?
We are specialized in excavator spare parts, such as engines/or parts, undercarriage parts, digital parts, hydraulic elements , masking components, attachments and so on. If you need other excavator parts, we also can supply as your requirements
|
US $59 / Piece | |
1 Piece (Min. Order) |
###
| After-sales Service: | Online Support |
|---|---|
| Warranty: | 6 Months |
| Type: | Pistons |
| Application: | Excavator |
| Certification: | CE, ISO9001: 2000 |
| Condition: | New |
###
| Samples: |
US$ 39/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) |
|---|
###
| Customization: |
Available
|
|---|
###
| Excavator Parts Travel Final Drive Sun Gear | |
| Product Description | |
| Place of Origin | Shandong, China |
| Condition | New, 100% new |
| Type | 11211390 7117-30330 |
| Related Parts | Excavator Spare Parts |
| Packing | Standard Export Packing |
| MOQ | 1 Piece |
| Applicable Industries | Machinery Repair Shops, Retail, Construction works |
| Supply Ability | 10000 Piece/Pieces per Day |
| Quality | Genuine |
| Part number | 11211390 7117-30330 |
| Part name | sun gear |
|
US $59 / Piece | |
1 Piece (Min. Order) |
###
| After-sales Service: | Online Support |
|---|---|
| Warranty: | 6 Months |
| Type: | Pistons |
| Application: | Excavator |
| Certification: | CE, ISO9001: 2000 |
| Condition: | New |
###
| Samples: |
US$ 39/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) |
|---|
###
| Customization: |
Available
|
|---|
###
| Excavator Parts Travel Final Drive Sun Gear | |
| Product Description | |
| Place of Origin | Shandong, China |
| Condition | New, 100% new |
| Type | 11211390 7117-30330 |
| Related Parts | Excavator Spare Parts |
| Packing | Standard Export Packing |
| MOQ | 1 Piece |
| Applicable Industries | Machinery Repair Shops, Retail, Construction works |
| Supply Ability | 10000 Piece/Pieces per Day |
| Quality | Genuine |
| Part number | 11211390 7117-30330 |
| Part name | sun gear |
How to Compare Different Types of Spur Gears
When comparing different types of spur gears, there are several important considerations to take into account. The main considerations include the following: Common applications, Pitch diameter, and Addendum circle. Here we will look at each of these factors in more detail. This article will help you understand what each type of spur gear can do for you. Whether you’re looking to power an electric motor or a construction machine, the right gear for the job will make the job easier and save you money in the long run.
Common applications
Among its many applications, a spur gear is widely used in airplanes, trains, and bicycles. It is also used in ball mills and crushers. Its high speed-low torque capabilities make it ideal for a variety of applications, including industrial machines. The following are some of the common uses for spur gears. Listed below are some of the most common types. While spur gears are generally quiet, they do have their limitations.
A spur gear transmission can be external or auxiliary. These units are supported by front and rear casings. They transmit drive to the accessory units, which in turn move the machine. The drive speed is typically between 5000 and 6000 rpm or 20,000 rpm for centrifugal breathers. For this reason, spur gears are typically used in large machinery. To learn more about spur gears, watch the following video.
The pitch diameter and diametral pitch of spur gears are important parameters. A diametral pitch, or ratio of teeth to pitch diameter, is important in determining the center distance between two spur gears. The center distance between two spur gears is calculated by adding the radius of each pitch circle. The addendum, or tooth profile, is the height by which a tooth projects above the pitch circle. Besides pitch, the center distance between two spur gears is measured in terms of the distance between their centers.
Another important feature of a spur gear is its low speed capability. It can produce great power even at low speeds. However, if noise control is not a priority, a helical gear is preferable. Helical gears, on the other hand, have teeth arranged in the opposite direction of the axis, making them quieter. However, when considering the noise level, a helical gear will work better in low-speed situations.
Construction
The construction of spur gear begins with the cutting of the gear blank. The gear blank is made of a pie-shaped billet and can vary in size, shape, and weight. The cutting process requires the use of dies to create the correct gear geometry. The gear blank is then fed slowly into the screw machine until it has the desired shape and size. A steel gear blank, called a spur gear billet, is used in the manufacturing process.
A spur gear consists of two parts: a centre bore and a pilot hole. The addendum is the circle that runs along the outermost points of a spur gear’s teeth. The root diameter is the diameter at the base of the tooth space. The plane tangent to the pitch surface is called the pressure angle. The total diameter of a spur gear is equal to the addendum plus the dedendum.
The pitch circle is a circle formed by a series of teeth and a diametrical division of each tooth. The pitch circle defines the distance between two meshed gears. The center distance is the distance between the gears. The pitch circle diameter is a crucial factor in determining center distances between two mating spur gears. The center distance is calculated by adding the radius of each gear’s pitch circle. The dedendum is the height of a tooth above the pitch circle.
Other considerations in the design process include the material used for construction, surface treatments, and number of teeth. In some cases, a standard off-the-shelf gear is the most appropriate choice. It will meet your application needs and be a cheaper alternative. The gear will not last for long if it is not lubricated properly. There are a number of different ways to lubricate a spur gear, including hydrodynamic journal bearings and self-contained gears.
Addendum circle
The pitch diameter and addendum circle are two important dimensions of a spur gear. These diameters are the overall diameter of the gear and the pitch circle is the circle centered around the root of the gear’s tooth spaces. The addendum factor is a function of the pitch circle and the addendum value, which is the radial distance between the top of the gear tooth and the pitch circle of the mating gear.
The pitch surface is the right-hand side of the pitch circle, while the root circle defines the space between the two gear tooth sides. The dedendum is the distance between the top of the gear tooth and the pitch circle, and the pitch diameter and addendum circle are the two radial distances between these two circles. The difference between the pitch surface and the addendum circle is known as the clearance.
The number of teeth in the spur gear must not be less than 16 when the pressure angle is twenty degrees. However, a gear with 16 teeth can still be used if its strength and contact ratio are within design limits. In addition, undercutting can be prevented by profile shifting and addendum modification. However, it is also possible to reduce the addendum length through the use of a positive correction. However, it is important to note that undercutting can happen in spur gears with a negative addendum circle.
Another important aspect of a spur gear is its meshing. Because of this, a standard spur gear will have a meshing reference circle called a Pitch Circle. The center distance, on the other hand, is the distance between the center shafts of the two gears. It is important to understand the basic terminology involved with the gear system before beginning a calculation. Despite this, it is essential to remember that it is possible to make a spur gear mesh using the same reference circle.
Pitch diameter
To determine the pitch diameter of a spur gear, the type of drive, the type of driver, and the type of driven machine should be specified. The proposed diametral pitch value is also defined. The smaller the pitch diameter, the less contact stress on the pinion and the longer the service life. Spur gears are made using simpler processes than other types of gears. The pitch diameter of a spur gear is important because it determines its pressure angle, the working depth, and the whole depth.
The ratio of the pitch diameter and the number of teeth is called the DIAMETRAL PITCH. The teeth are measured in the axial plane. The FILLET RADIUS is the curve that forms at the base of the gear tooth. The FULL DEPTH TEETH are the ones with the working depth equal to 2.000 divided by the normal diametral pitch. The hub diameter is the outside diameter of the hub. The hub projection is the distance the hub extends beyond the gear face.
A metric spur gear is typically specified with a Diametral Pitch. This is the number of teeth per inch of the pitch circle diameter. It is generally measured in inverse inches. The normal plane intersects the tooth surface at the point where the pitch is specified. In a helical gear, this line is perpendicular to the pitch cylinder. In addition, the pitch cylinder is normally normal to the helix on the outside.
The pitch diameter of a spur gear is typically specified in millimeters or inches. A keyway is a machined groove on the shaft that fits the key into the shaft’s keyway. In the normal plane, the pitch is specified in inches. Involute pitch, or diametral pitch, is the ratio of teeth per inch of diameter. While this may seem complicated, it’s an important measurement to understand the pitch of a spur gear.
Material
The main advantage of a spur gear is its ability to reduce the bending stress at the tooth no matter the load. A typical spur gear has a face width of 20 mm and will fail when subjected to 3000 N. This is far more than the yield strength of the material. Here is a look at the material properties of a spur gear. Its strength depends on its material properties. To find out what spur gear material best suits your machine, follow the following steps.
The most common material used for spur gears is steel. There are different kinds of steel, including ductile iron and stainless steel. S45C steel is the most common steel and has a 0.45% carbon content. This type of steel is easily obtainable and is used for the production of helical, spur, and worm gears. Its corrosion resistance makes it a popular material for spur gears. Here are some advantages and disadvantages of steel.
A spur gear is made of metal, plastic, or a combination of these materials. The main advantage of metal spur gears is their strength to weight ratio. It is about one third lighter than steel and resists corrosion. While aluminum is more expensive than steel and stainless steel, it is also easier to machine. Its design makes it easy to customize for the application. Its versatility allows it to be used in virtually every application. So, if you have a specific need, you can easily find a spur gear that fits your needs.
The design of a spur gear greatly influences its performance. Therefore, it is vital to choose the right material and measure the exact dimensions. Apart from being important for performance, dimensional measurements are also important for quality and reliability. Hence, it is essential for professionals in the industry to be familiar with the terms used to describe the materials and parts of a gear. In addition to these, it is essential to have a good understanding of the material and the dimensional measurements of a gear to ensure that production and purchase orders are accurate.
editor by czh 2023-01-12
China Hot Selling Stainless Steel Drive Gear for 3D Printer top gear
Merchandise Description
Item Description
1.Our 3D printer areas can replace your broken 1 and make your printer function far more proficiently, increase the overall performance and dependability for your 3D printers.
two.Excellent bearing capacity: These push 36 enamel gears are manufactured of good quality stainless steel, rustproof and no corrosion, sturdy and steady to use, with very good bearing capacity, permit for enhancing your printers’ function effectiveness.
three.Extensive compatibility: Our stainless metal extruder wheel gears are easy to set up, fit for most regular 3D printers
Item Parameters
| Material | Stainless metal |
| Input Dia. | 5mm |
| Output Dia. | 11mm |
| Length | 11mm |
| Teeth No. | 36 tooth |
| N.W. | 5.5 g |
Comprehensive Images
Business Profile
|
US $1.8-2.9 / Piece | |
1 Piece (Min. Order) |
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| Application: | Motor |
|---|---|
| Hardness: | Hardened Tooth Surface |
| Gear Position: | Internal Gear |
| Manufacturing Method: | Sintered Gear |
| Toothed Portion Shape: | Curved Gear |
| Material: | Stainless Steel |
###
| Samples: |
US$ 2.9/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) |
|---|
###
| Customization: |
Available
|
|---|
###
| Material | Stainless steel |
| Input Dia. | 5mm |
| Output Dia. | 11mm |
| Length | 11mm |
| Teeth No. | 36 teeth |
| N.W. | 5.5 g |
|
US $1.8-2.9 / Piece | |
1 Piece (Min. Order) |
###
| Application: | Motor |
|---|---|
| Hardness: | Hardened Tooth Surface |
| Gear Position: | Internal Gear |
| Manufacturing Method: | Sintered Gear |
| Toothed Portion Shape: | Curved Gear |
| Material: | Stainless Steel |
###
| Samples: |
US$ 2.9/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) |
|---|
###
| Customization: |
Available
|
|---|
###
| Material | Stainless steel |
| Input Dia. | 5mm |
| Output Dia. | 11mm |
| Length | 11mm |
| Teeth No. | 36 teeth |
| N.W. | 5.5 g |
Types of Bevel Gears
Bevel Gears are used in a number of industries. They are used in wheeled excavators, dredges, conveyor belts, mill actuators, and rail transmissions. A bevel gear’s spiral or angled bevel can make it suitable for confined spaces. It is also used in robotics and vertical supports of rolling mills. You can use bevel gears in food processing processes. For more information on bevel gears, read on.
Spiral bevel gear
Spiral bevel gears are used to transmit power between two shafts in a 90-degree orientation. They have curved or oblique teeth and can be fabricated from various metals. Bestagear is one manufacturer specializing in medium to large spiral bevel gears. They are used in the mining, metallurgical, marine, and oil fields. Spiral bevel gears are usually made from steel, aluminum, or phenolic materials.
Spiral bevel gears have many advantages. Their mesh teeth create a less abrupt force transfer. They are incredibly durable and are designed to last a long time. They are also less expensive than other right-angle gears. They also tend to last longer, because they are manufactured in pairs. The spiral bevel gear also reduces noise and vibration from its counterparts. Therefore, if you are in need of a new gear set, spiral bevel gears are the right choice.
The contact between spiral bevel gear teeth occurs along the surface of the gear tooth. The contact follows the Hertz theory of elastic contact. This principle holds for small significant dimensions of the contact area and small relative radii of curvature of the surfaces. In this case, strains and friction are negligible. A spiral bevel gear is a common example of an inverted helical gear. This gear is commonly used in mining equipment.
Spiral bevel gears also have a backlash-absorbing feature. This feature helps secure the thickness of the oil film on the gear surface. The shaft axis, mounting distance, and angle errors all affect the tooth contact on a spiral bevel gear. Adjusting backlash helps to correct these problems. The tolerances shown above are common for bevel gears. In some cases, manufacturers make slight design changes late in the production process, which minimizes the risk to OEMs.
Straight bevel gear
Straight bevel gears are among the easiest types of gears to manufacture. The earliest method used to manufacture straight bevel gears was to use a planer equipped with an indexing head. However, improvements have been made in manufacturing methods after the introduction of the Revacycle system and the Coniflex. The latest technology allows for even more precise manufacturing. Both of these manufacturing methods are used by CZPT. Here are some examples of straight bevel gear manufacturing.
A straight bevel gear is manufactured using two kinds of bevel surfaces, namely, the Gleason method and the Klingelnberg method. Among the two, the Gleason method is the most common. Unlike other types of gear, the CZPT method is not a universal standard. The Gleason system has higher quality gears, since its adoption of tooth crowning is the most effective way to make gears that tolerate even small assembly errors. It also eliminates the stress concentration in the bevelled edges of the teeth.
The gear’s composition depends on the application. When durability is required, a gear is made of cast iron. The pinion is usually three times harder than the gear, which helps balance wear. Other materials, such as carbon steel, are cheaper, but are less resistant to corrosion. Inertia is another critical factor to consider, since heavier gears are more difficult to reverse and stop. Precision requirements may include the gear pitch and diameter, as well as the pressure angle.
Involute geometry of a straight bevel gear is often computed by varying the surface’s normal to the surface. Involute geometry is computed by incorporating the surface coordinates and the theoretical tooth thickness. Using the CMM, the spherical involute surface can be used to determine tooth contact patterns. This method is useful when a roll tester tooling is unavailable, because it can predict the teeth’ contact pattern.
Hypoid bevel gear
Hypoid bevel gears are an efficient and versatile speed reduction solution. Their compact size, high efficiency, low noise and heat generation, and long life make them a popular choice in the power transmission and motion control industries. The following are some of the benefits of hypoid gearing and why you should use it. Listed below are some of the key misperceptions and false assumptions of this gear type. These assumptions may seem counterintuitive at first, but will help you understand what this gear is all about.
The basic concept of hypoid gears is that they use two non-intersecting shafts. The smaller gear shaft is offset from the larger gear shaft, allowing them to mesh without interference and support each other securely. The resulting torque transfer is improved when compared to conventional gear sets. A hypoid bevel gear is used to drive the rear axle of an automobile. It increases the flexibility of machine design and allows the axes to be freely adjusted.
In the first case, the mesh of the two bodies is obtained by fitting the hyperboloidal cutter to the desired gear. Its geometric properties, orientation, and position determine the desired gear. The latter is used if the desired gear is noise-free or is required to reduce vibrations. A hyperboloidal cutter, on the other hand, meshes with two toothed bodies. It is the most efficient option for modeling hypoid gears with noise concerns.
The main difference between hypoid and spiral bevel gears is that the hypoid bevel gear has a larger diameter than its counterparts. They are usually found in 1:1 and 2:1 applications, but some manufacturers also provide higher ratios. A hypoid gearbox can achieve speeds of three thousand rpm. This makes it the preferred choice in a variety of applications. So, if you’re looking for a gearbox with a high efficiency, this is the gear for you.
Addendum and dedendum angles
The addendum and dedendum angles of a bevel gear are used to describe the shape and depth of the teeth of the gear. Each tooth of the gear has a slightly tapered surface that changes in depth. These angles are defined by their addendum and dedendum distances. Addendum angle is the distance between the top land and the bottom surface of the teeth, while dedendum angle is the distance between the pitch surface and the bottom surface of the teeth.
The pitch angle is the angle formed by the apex point of the gear’s pitch cone with the pitch line of the gear shaft. The dedendum angle, on the other hand, is the depth of the tooth space below the pitch line. Both angles are used to measure the shape of a bevel gear. The addendum and dedendum angles are important for gear design.
The dedendum and addendum angles of a bevel gear are determined by the base contact ratio (Mc) of the two gears. The involute curve is not allowed to extend within the base diameter of the bevel gear. The base diameter is also a critical measurement for the design of a gear. It is possible to reduce the involute curve to match the involute curve, but it must be tangential to the involute curve.
The most common application of a bevel gear is the automotive differential. They are used in many types of vehicles, including cars, trucks, and even construction equipment. They are also used in the marine industry and aviation. Aside from these two common uses, there are many other uses for bevel gears. And they are still growing in popularity. But they’re a valuable part of automotive and industrial gearing systems.
Applications of bevel gears
Bevel gears are used in a variety of applications. They are made of various materials depending on their weight, load, and application. For high-load applications, ferrous metals such as grey cast iron are used. These materials have excellent wear resistance and are inexpensive. For lower-weight applications, steel or non-metals such as plastics are used. Some bevel gear materials are considered noiseless. Here are some of their most common uses.
Straight bevel gears are the easiest to manufacture. The earliest method of manufacturing them was with a planer with an indexing head. Modern manufacturing methods introduced the Revacycle and Coniflex systems. For industrial gear manufacturing, the CZPT uses the Revacycle system. However, there are many types of bevel gears. This guide will help you choose the right material for your next project. These materials can withstand high rotational speeds and are very strong.
Bevel gears are most common in automotive and industrial machinery. They connect the driveshaft to the wheels. Some even have a 45-degree bevel. These gears can be placed on a bevel surface and be tested for their transmission capabilities. They are also used in testing applications to ensure proper motion transmission. They can reduce the speed of straight shafts. Bevel gears can be used in many industries, from marine to aviation.
The simplest type of bevel gear is the miter gear, which has a 1:1 ratio. It is used to change the axis of rotation. The shafts of angular miter bevel gears can intersect at any angle, from 45 degrees to 120 degrees. The teeth on the bevel gear can be straight, spiral, or Zerol. And as with the rack and pinion gears, there are different types of bevel gears.
editor by czh 2023-01-07
China Steel Metal Reduction Starter Shaft Spline Pinion Custom Precision Machine Wheel Transmission Planetary Sun Drive Spiral Helical Gear straight bevel gear
Merchandise Description
metal metal reduction starter shaft spline pinion personalized precision equipment wheel transmission planetary sunlight travel spiral helical gear
| Item | Custom-made machined machining gears | |
| Approach | CNC machining,CNC milling, cnc lathe machining | |
| substance | steel, stainless steel, carbon metal,brass,C360 brass copper, aluminum 7075,7068 brass,C360 brass copper, aluminum Nylon, PA66, NYLON , Abs, PP,Personal computer,PE,POM,PVC,PU,TPR,TPE,TPU,PA,PET,HDPE,PMMA and so on | |
| Good quality Management | ISO9001 and ISO14001 | |
| Dimension bore tolerances | -/+.01mm | |
| Good quality regular | AGMA, JIS, DIN | |
| Surface therapy | Blackening, plated, anodizing, tough anodizing and many others | |
| Equipment hardness | thirty to 60 H.R.C | |
| Dimensions/Coloration | Gears and areas proportions are in accordance to drawings from consumer, and shades are custom-made | |
| Floor remedy | Polished or matte surface area, portray, texture, vacuum aluminizing and can be stamped with logo etc. | |
| Proportions Tolerance | ±0.01mm or much more exact | |
| Samples confirmation and approval | samples shipped for confirmation and delivery value paid out by buyers | |
| Bundle | Internal distinct plastic bag/exterior carton/wooden pallets/ or any other special bundle as per customer’s needs. | |
| Delivery Time | Whole normally takes 2~~8weeks generally | |
| Shipping and delivery |
Usual FEDEX, UPS, DHL, TNT, EMS or base on customer’s prerequisite. |
Production:
one. The personnel are trained to inspect the gears and discover any defect in generation in time.
two. QC will examine 1pcs every 100pcs in CNC machining, and gears will meet up with all dimension tolerances.
three. Gears will be inspected at every action, and gears will be inspected ahead of cargo, and all inspection data will be held in our manufacturing facility for 3 many years.
four. Our income will deliver you photographs at every gears generation methods, and you will know the in depth manufacturing standing, and you can discover any probability of error, for our product sales, QC and personnel are retaining close look at on all generation.
five. You will truly feel us operating extremely very carefully to guarantee the top quality and effortless to perform with,
six. we cherish every inquiry, each possibility to make gears and parts and cherish each consumer.
QUALITY Management Process:
1) Inspecting the raw content –IQC)
two) Examining the details before the generation line operated
three) Have complete inspection and routing inspection for the duration of mass production—In process high quality management (IPQC)
four) Checking the gears soon after production concluded—- (FQC)
5) Checking the gears after they are concluded—–Outgoing top quality control (OQC)
Service:
one. Molds styles as for every customers’ gears drawing
2. Distributing molds drawings to consumers to overview and verify ahead of mols manufacturing.
3. Delivering samples with complete proportions and beauty inspection report, substance certification to clients.
4. Providing inspection report of critical dimensions and cosmetic in batches parts.
Packing and shipment:
1. Gears are nicely and cautiously packed in PP luggage in CTNS, sturdy enough for specific shipping and delivery, air shipment or sea shipment.
2. Air cargo, sea shipment or shipment by DHL, UPS, FedEx or TNT are availabe.
three. Trade phrases: EXW, FOB HangZhou, or CIF
4. All shippings will be carefully arranged and will attain your locations quickly and securely.
FAQ
Q1: How to assure the Good quality of gears and elements?
We are ISO 9001:2008 certified manufacturing facility and we have the built-in program for industrial parts top quality control. We have IQC (incoming top quality control),
IPQCS (in approach high quality handle part), FQC (closing top quality handle) and OQC (out-going top quality manage) to management every single method of industrial parts prodution.
Q2: What are the Benefit of your gears and parts?
Our edge is the aggressive and sensible costs, quick shipping and delivery and higher high quality. Our eployees are responsible-oriented, helpful-oriented,and dilient-oriented.
Our industrial parts items are showcased by strict tolerance, smooth finish and lengthy-daily life performance.
Q3: what are our machining equipments?
Our machining equipments incorporate plasticn injection machinies, CNC milling machines, CNC turning machines, stamping devices, hobbing devices, automatic lathe machines, tapping machines, grinding machines, cutting devices and so on.
Q4: What shipping and delivery methods do you use?
Generally, we will use UPS DHL or FEDEX and sea shipping
five: What supplies can you process?
For plastic injection gears and parts, the resources are Nylon, PA66, NYLON with 30% glass fibre, Abs, PP,Personal computer,PE,POM,PVC,PU,TPR,TPE,TPU,PA,PET,HDPE,PMMA and so forth.
For steel and machining gears and areas, the materials are brass, bronze, copper, stainless metal, metal, aluminum, titanium plastic and so forth.
Q6: How lengthy is the Shipping and delivery for Your gears and components?
Typically , it will consider us fifteen functioning times for injection or machining, and we will attempt to shorten our guide time.
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US $0.24 / Piece | |
1,000 Pieces (Min. Order) |
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| Application: | Motor, Electric Cars, Motorcycle, Machinery, Marine, Toy, Agricultural Machinery, Car |
|---|---|
| Hardness: | Hardened Tooth Surface |
| Gear Position: | External Gear |
| Manufacturing Method: | Cut Gear |
| Toothed Portion Shape: | Curved Gear |
| Material: | Steel Aluminum Brass Copper Plastic |
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| Samples: |
US$ 1/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) |
|---|
###
| Customization: |
Available
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|---|
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| Item | Customized machined machining gears | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Process | CNC machining,CNC milling, cnc lathe machining | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| material | steel, stainless steel, carbon steel,brass,C360 brass copper, aluminum 7075,7068 brass,C360 brass copper, aluminum Nylon, PA66, NYLON , ABS, PP,PC,PE,POM,PVC,PU,TPR,TPE,TPU,PA,PET,HDPE,PMMA etc | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quality Control | ISO9001 and ISO14001 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dimension bore tolerances | -/+0.01mm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quality standard | AGMA, JIS, DIN | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Surface treatment | Blackening, plated, anodizing, hard anodizing etc | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gear hardness | 30 to 60 H.R.C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Size/Color | Gears and parts dimensions are according to drawings from customer, and colors are customized | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Surface treatment | Polished or matte surface, painting, texture, vacuum aluminizing and can be stamped with logo etc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dimensions Tolerance | ±0.01mm or more precise | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Samples confirmation and approval | samples shipped for confirmation and shipping cost paid by customers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Package | Inner clear plastic bag/outside carton/wooden pallets/ or any other special package as per customer’s requirements. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Delivery Time | Total takes 2~~8weeks usually | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shipping |
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